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Freedom struggle
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KwaZulu-Natal Freedom Route
The struggle to conquer racial oppression, which cut across gender, class and culture, is at the heart of the KwaZulu-Natal Freedom Route, as are the vibrant cultures that overcame it. more
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Kliptown Open Air Museum, Johannesburg
Kliptown, a multiracial area during apartheid, was chosen in 1955 as the site for a people's parliament, which adopted the Freedom Charter. more
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Chancellor House, Johannesburg
Two South African icons, Nelson Mandela and Oliver Thambo, once worked in Chancellor House seeking justice not only for themselves and their clients, but also for their country. more
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The Hector Peterson Museum
The Hector Peterson Museum in Soweto is named after one of the first children killed during the 16 June 1976 student uprising. more
More about Freedom struggle
Apartheid Museum, Johannesburg
The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg shows how people of colour lived – and survived – during the darkest days of apartheid in South Africa. more
Constitution Hill; Johannesburg
Constitution Hill is the birthplace of democracy and home to the Constitutional Court which protects the rights of South African citizens. more
South Africa's struggle poets
Underground or mainstream, performance poetry in South Africa has its roots in the anti-apartheid struggle where poets used the spoken word to highlight injustice more
Top 10
Struggle sites
1Robben Island, Cape Town
The apartheid states’ most notorious political prison, now a World Heritage Site and one of South Africa’s most-visited attractions.
2The Nelson Mandela Museum, Mthatha, Eastern Cape
This museum comprises 3 sites dedicated to different eras in the life of this great man: the Bhunga Building in Mthatha, and the satellite open-air museum at Mvezo, and Qunu, his birthplace.
3The Hector Peterson Memorial and Museum, Orlando West, Soweto
Pays tribute to the 1976 Soweto uprisings that changed the face of our modern political history. Named in honour of one the first child victims of the unrest, Hector Peterson.
4The Apartheid Museum, Gold Reef City, Johannesburg
Takes visitors on an emotive journey that charts the rise and fall of apartheid in South Africa.
5Liliesleaf Trust, Rivonia, Johannesburg
The ex-headquarters of the ANC’s military–wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, and site of the police raid that lead to the infamous Rivonia Trial.
6Constitution Hill, Braamfontein, Johannesburg
The Old Fort Complex in Johannesburg was once home to the notorious Number Four Prison and the Women’s Gaol – a place of brutality and misery.
7Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct, Vaal Triangle, Gauteng
Pays tribute those who died in the Sharpeville massacre – a significant event in our struggle history.
8Mandela House Museum, Soweto
This newly refurbished museum can be found on Vilakazi Street, Soweto. Gaze into the life of Nelson and Mandela and his family before he was sent to prison.
9District Six Museum, Cape Town
Commemorates the culture and colourful communities of District Six before forced removals. The place was a hub of political activity and multi-racial harmony.
10Red Location Museum, New Brighton, Port Elizabeth
Named for the rusted metal sheets with which the residents of Port Elizabeth’s oldest township built their shacks, this settlement was a hotbed of political activists and anti-apartheid fugitives.
